Zamfara is one of Nigeria’s 36 states, with a population of over 4 million people. Chances are this state has flown under your radar, but it’s a fascinating region with a rich history and culture.
In this article, you’ll get an insider’s look at this fascinating place. Learn about Zamfara’s major cities, ethnic groups, natural attractions, and of course, how to properly pronounce its name (Zam-FAH-rah, Hausa: Jihar Zamfara Fula: Leydi Zamfara); you’re welcome.
By the end of this article, you’ll be equipped with more knowledge about Zamfara state. The state’s motto is ‘farming is our pride,’ but its stunning scenery, vibrant culture, and historical significance are equally impressive. Get ready to experience the wonder of Zamfara.
History of Zamfara State
Zamfara State was created in 1996 from parts of Sokoto State and has a long and rich history.
The area was once home to several small kingdoms, with the Zamfara kingdom becoming prominent in the 16th century. The Zamfara Kingdom was founded in the 11th century and existed as a city-state until the 16th century. Its capital has relocated from place to place as the kingdom’s fortunes have changed, such as Dutsi and Birnin Zamfara.
The Gobir Kingdom demolished its then capital Birnin Zamfara in the first part of the 18th century, and a new capital was created in Anka by the second half of the 19th century. Zamfara had various centers of commerce and scholarship that drew many scholars, such as Yandoto. Following Usman dan Fodio’s 1804 jihad, it became part of the Sokoto Caliphate.
Usman Danfodiyo, in fact, settled in Sabon Gari, where Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi had already built a garrison headquarters during the early days of the conflict. Following British colonialism, Gusau grew into a key economic and administrative center, with road and rail networks passing through it. With the formation of states during the Gowon Administration, the Zamfara Kingdom became a part of the then-North West state and, later, the Sokoto State.
The people of Zamfara had long fought for independence, but it wasn’t until 1996 that the late General Sani Abacha’s military administration separated Zamfara State from Sokoto State. Jibril Yakubu served as the first Governor.
Today, the state still upholds strong Islamic traditions. The majority of the residents are Hausa and Fulani, with smaller groups like the Kamuku, Kambari, and Zabarma. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, especially the cultivation of peanuts, cotton, tobacco, and grains. Cattle rearing and fishing along rivers like the Rima, Anka and Maru are also major sources of livelihood.
Geography and Climate of Zamfara State
Zamfara State is situated in the northwestern region of Nigeria. Its geography consists of flat, low-lying land with an average elevation of around 600 feet.
The state has a tropical savanna climate with hot, rainy, and harmattan seasons. Zamfara’s climate is tropical, with temperatures reaching 38 °C (100.4 °F) and higher between March and May. The rainy season lasts from late May to September, while the Harmattan season lasts from December to April. In Zamfara, the hottest months are March and April, right before the first rain. With the arrival of the rain, the temperature begins to fall.
Zamfara’s location and climate favor agriculture. Major crops include peanuts, cotton, millet, guinea corn, and beans. Cattle herding is also common, with over 90% of the population engaged in farming and livestock rearing.
The state is endowed with natural resources like gold, marble stones, and iron ore. However, poverty remains widespread due to the lack of industrialization. Most people live in rural areas and rely on subsistence farming.
With investment in infrastructure and job creation, Zamfara has the potential for economic growth. Its natural beauty and cultural heritage could also attract tourism. Overall, this state in Nigeria’s hinterland has promise for the future.
Local Government Areas in Zamfara State
Zamfara state has 14 local government areas. The 14 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Zamfara State are:
- Anka
- Bakura
- Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw
- Bukkuyum
- Bungudu
- Gummi
- Gusau
- Kaura Namoda
- Maradun
- Maru
- Shinkafi
- Talata Mafara
- Chafe
- Zurmi
Major Towns and Cities in Zamfara State
Some of the major towns and cities in Zamfara State include:
- Gusau – the state capital city.
- Tsafe/Chafe – a prominent town known for agriculture.
- Bakura – a commercial center near the Sokoto State border.
- Bungudu – hosts a popular weekly market.
- Kaura Namoda – a transportation hub in the south.
- Talata Mafara – a historical city and former capital.
- Anka – a mining town in the north.
- Zurmi – hosts cultural festivals along the Maradun road.
- Shinkafi – a border town near Sokoto and Katsina States.
- Maru – a commercial town along a major highway.
- Maradun – hosts the annual Maradun cultural festival.
- Bukkuyum – a small town between Anka and Gusau.
- Mobbar – a quiet town in the east.
The capital and largest city is Gusau, a historic trade hub that still serves as a commercial center.
The People and Culture of Zamfara
The people of Zamfara state are predominantly Hausa and Fulani, with small minorities of Gwari, Kamuku, Kambari, Dukawa, Bussawa and Zabarma. The state has a population of over 4 million.
The Hausa and Fulani people are mostly farmers, traders and craftsmen. The Hausa language is widely spoken, along with Fulfulde, the language of the Fulani. Islam is the major religion practiced in Zamfara state.
Culturally, Zamfara state is known for leather works, blacksmithing, and dyeing. The people are also popular for traditional wrestling, boxing, and horse riding competitions. Traditional dances like Bori, Sharo, and Doguwa are popular cultural entertainments.
Polygamy is commonly practiced in Zamfara state. Men are allowed to marry up to four wives, as permitted in Islam. Early marriage is common, especially in rural areas.
The people of Zamfara state are hospitable, hardworking and peace-loving. Community life is cherished, with people identifying more with their village or district than the state. Strong family and community bonds shape cultural practices.
Land area and Population of Zamfara State
Zamfara State is located in the Northwestern region of Nigeria, with an area of 39,762 square kilometers. Zamfara has a population of over 4 million people.
Some quick facts about Zamfara:
- State slogan: “Farming is Our Pride”
- 14 Local Government Areas
- Capital city: Gusau
- Major ethnic groups: Hausa, Fulani, and Zabarma
- Major religions: Islam, Christianity, and Traditional beliefs
- Governor of Zamfara State: Dauda Lawal
- Deputy Governor: Mahdi Gusau
Natural Resources in Zamfara State
Zamfara State is blessed with abundant natural resources such as;
- Iron ore
- Granite
- Gold
- Chamovita
- Clay
- Limestone
- Quartz
- Chromate
- Kaolin
Tourism Opportunities in Zamfara State
With its natural scenic beauty and cultural attractions, Zamfara State offers many opportunities for tourism.
Scenic Natural Attractions
Zamfara State is blessed with scenic natural attractions like:
- Kuyambana Game Reserve
- Kanoma Hills
- Kiyawa city walls
- The Kwatarkwashi Rock Formation is a scenic area with massive rock formations and caves.
Cultural Attractions
Experience the rich culture through:
- The Emir’s Palace in Anka, Gusau and other emirates.
- Namoda’s Tomb, Kauran Namoda
- Ruins of Yargoje’s Court
- Other cultural festivals like Kaura Namoda Day and Shinkafi Day.
Healthcare in Zamfara State
Healthcare in Zamfara is quite poor, with many challenges still to be overcome. The state has only a few hospitals and health centers to serve its over 4 million residents. Maternal and infant mortality rates remain high due to a lack of access to prenatal and postnatal care.
Common diseases in Zamfara include malaria, measles, and meningitis. The state government aims to improve healthcare by providing free medical services, especially for pregnant women, children under 5 and senior citizens over 65. Partnerships with NGOs and private organizations have also helped set up clinics in rural areas and train more medical professionals.
Though there is still a long way to go, recent efforts are helping more people live healthier lives. Continued investment and cooperation can build a robust healthcare system for future generations.
Education in Zamfara State
Education in Zamfara State faces many challenges, including low enrollment and high dropout rates, especially for girls. The majority of schools lack basic facilities and qualified teachers. However, the state government aims to improve education through various initiatives.
Notable people from Zamfara State
Some of the notable people from Zamfara State include;
- Bello Matawalle
- Tijjani Yahaya Kaura
- Kabir Garba
- Aishatu Madawaki
- Mahmud Shinkafi
- Ahmad Sani Yerima
- Abdul’aziz Abubakar Yari
Conclusion
That covers the basics of Zamfara State. As you can see, it has a rich history and culture, stunning natural scenery, and plenty of opportunities for adventure. While it faces significant challenges, Zamfara State remains a fascinating place. Now you have a sense of what to expect if you get the chance to visit this unique part of Nigeria. Experience the vibrant city life, explore the peaceful countryside, learn about ancient kingdoms, and connect with the friendly locals.
Hopefully, this overview has sparked your interest because there’s a whole world out there waiting to be discovered.