With over 200 million people, Nigeria has a huge and diverse economy with all sorts of occupations. Whether you’re a recent graduate looking for your first position or thinking of switching careers, it helps to understand the different types of professions available.
In this article, we’ll break down the different types of occupations in Nigeria and what each entails. You’ll learn key details like average salaries, education requirements, job duties, and growth outlook. We’ll also define some common Nigerian job titles you may come across in your search. So get ready to explore the wide world of careers in Nigeria, and you’re bound to find something that fits your skills and interests.
What is Occupation?
An occupation refers to the type of work or job someone does to earn a living. It is a set of jobs or types of work that are similar in nature and require a certain set of skills or training.
Factors that Determine Your Occupation
Several factors determine which occupation you pursue:
- Your interests and skills: You will likely choose an occupation that matches your key interests, talents, and strengths.
- Job availability: The availability of jobs in a particular occupation or field can impact your choice. You want an occupation where there are good job prospects.
- Education and training: The level and type of education or training required for an occupation influences your options. You choose occupations you have the proper credentials and qualifications for.
- Working conditions: Factors like work hours, physical demands, work environment, and so on shape which occupations you prefer. You aim for occupations with acceptable working conditions.
- Salary and benefits: The pay, compensation, and benefits associated with an occupation naturally affect its desirability and your choice.
In summary, your occupation depends on aligning your interests and abilities with available job opportunities that meet your key needs and priorities. The right match can lead to a successful and rewarding career.
Major Occupation Categories
There are different categories of occupations in Nigeria that provide job opportunities for citizens. Some of the major categories of occupations in Nigeria include:
Agriculture
Agriculture plays a major role in Nigeria’s economy. About 70% of Nigerians are employed in the agricultural sector. The major agricultural occupations in Nigeria include crop farming, livestock farming, forestry, and fishing. Crop farming involves the cultivation of crops like yam, cassava, millet, sorghum, etc. Livestock farming involves the rearing of animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, etc., for meat, milk, eggs, etc.
Civil service
The civil service employs a large portion of Nigerians. It involves occupations in the government ministries, parastatals, and agencies. Some examples are teachers, nurses, accountants, etc. The salaries are quite attractive, and they provide job security.
Business
There are many business opportunities in Nigeria. Some of the major business occupations include trading, entrepreneurship, banking, insurance, transportation, etc. Trading involves the buying and selling of goods and commodities. Entrepreneurship creates job opportunities as people establish their own businesses. The banking and insurance sectors also employ many Nigerians.
Professional
There are various professional occupations in Nigeria that require specialized training and certification. Some examples are engineering, medicine, law, architecture, accounting, etc. These occupations are well-paying but also demanding. Professional occupations provide an opportunity for career growth over the years through experience and continuous development.
Skilled Trade
Skilled tradesmen like mechanics, welders, plumbers, electricians, and builders are always in demand. Apprenticeships and vocational schools are common ways to learn a trade. Salaries depend on experience, skill level, and location.
Informal Sector
Much of Nigeria’s workforce is employed in the informal sector, doing temporary or part-time work or running small unregistered businesses. This includes street vendors, bike taxis, domestic workers, and day laborers. Work in the informal sector is often unstable and pays very little.
Education
Teachers, professors, and administrators work in Nigeria’s school system, from primary schools through university. Salaries for teachers in public schools are low, while private schools and universities offer better pay.
Healthcare
Doctors, nurses, midwives, and other healthcare workers are employed in Nigeria’s hospitals, clinics, and healthcare organizations. There is a shortage of healthcare workers, especially in rural areas, so demand for these roles is high.
Information Technology
Programmers, software engineers, and IT specialists have opportunities in Nigeria’s growing tech sector. Major tech companies are based in Lagos and Abuja, offering competitive salaries to skilled workers.
Legal
Lawyers, paralegals, and legal assistants work in private firms, government agencies, and companies. Requirements to practice law in Nigeria include a university law degree and certification by the Nigerian Bar Association.
Manufacturing
Factory workers, technicians, electricians, and machine operators work in Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, producing goods like textiles, cement, food and beverages, and oil refining. Salaries vary but are often low, around minimum wage.
Transportation
Pilots, drivers, conductors, and mechanics work in Nigeria’s transportation sector. Major employers include domestic airlines, bus companies, and vehicle repair shops. Salary levels depend on the specific role and employer.
Security Services
Police officers, military personnel, private security guards, and correctional officers work to enforce laws and protect people and property in Nigeria. Salaries for security roles in the public sector tend to be low, while private firms may offer better pay.
Types of Occupation in Nigeria
Nigeria has a variety of occupations that employ millions of people. The major types of occupations in Nigeria include:
Teachers
Teachers play an important role in educating students and shaping the future of a country. In Nigeria, Teachers teach a variety of subjects at different levels, from kindergarten all the way to university. The average salary for teachers in Nigeria is around ₦360,000 per year.
Doctors
Doctors diagnose and treat injuries or illnesses. Nigeria has a shortage of doctors, so they are in high demand. Doctors in Nigeria earn an average of ₦5.2 million per year. To become a doctor in Nigeria, you need a medical degree from an accredited university, complete an internship, and obtain a license to practice.
Accountants
Accountants prepare and examine financial records, calculate taxes owed, prepare tax returns, and ensure that taxes are paid properly and on time. In Nigeria, Accountants earn an average of ₦2.5 million per year. To become an accountant in Nigeria, you need at least a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field.
Software Engineer
Software engineers design, develop, and test software and systems. They apply the principles of engineering to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of software and systems that make computers or anything containing software work. Software engineers in Nigeria earn an average of ₦3 million to ₦8 million annually.
Nurses
Nurses provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients about health issues, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. In Nigeria, Nurses earn an average salary of ₦2.8 million per year. To become a nurse in Nigeria, you need a diploma or degree in nursing and a license.
Web Developer
Web developers build and design websites and web applications. They determine the structure and design of websites, create and debug web applications, and integrate websites with third-party web services. Experienced web developers in Nigeria earn between ₦2 million to ₦5 million annually.
Lawyers
Lawyers advise and represent individuals, businesses, and government agencies on legal issues and disputes. They have a median annual salary of ₦1,390,000 in 2024. Pharmacists
Pharmacists dispense prescription medications to patients and offer expertise in the safe use of prescriptions. They also may provide advice on how to lead a healthy lifestyle, conduct health and wellness screenings, provide immunizations, and oversee the medications given to patients. Pharmacists have a median pay of ₦1,163,622 per year in 2024.
Computer Systems Analysts
Computer systems analysts study an organization’s current computer systems and procedures and design information systems solutions to help the organization operate more efficiently and effectively. They have a median annual salary of ₦3,269,764 in 2024. The employment of computer systems analysts is projected to grow by 7 percent from 2024 to 2029.
Marketing Manager
Marketing managers oversee the planning and implementation of marketing strategies for organizations. Their goal is to help promote the company’s products and services, generate leads, and increase sales. Marketing managers typically earn between ₦2 million to ₦5 million annually in Nigeria.
Business Analyst
Business analysts determine how to improve business performance and maximize profits through data analysis. They evaluate processes, systems, and software to identify business problems and determine solutions. The average salary for business analysts in Nigeria is ₦2.5 million to ₦6 million per year.
Management Consultant
Management consultants help organizations solve issues, create value, and improve business performance. They analyze problems, review business processes, and recommend solutions. The average salary for management consultants in Nigeria is ₦2.5 million to ₦8 million per year.
Financial Advisor
Financial advisors provide investment advice and financial planning services to individuals and businesses. They help clients with investments, tax planning, insurance, mortgages, savings, and estate planning. Financial advisors in Nigeria typically earn between ₦1.5 million to ₦4 million annually.
Human Resource Manager
Human resource managers plan, direct, and coordinate the administrative functions of an organization. They oversee recruiting, interviewing, and hiring of new staff; consult with executives on strategic planning; and serve as a link between an organization’s management and its employees. The average salary for human resource managers in Nigeria is ₦2 million to ₦5 million per year.
Engineers
Engineers apply scientific and mathematical principles to design, develop, build, and test technical solutions. In Nigeria, Engineers are in demand especially in the oil and gas industry. Engineers in Nigeria earn an average of ₦4.2 million per year. To become an engineer in Nigeria, you need at least a bachelor’s degree in engineering.
Police Officers
Police officers enforce laws, investigate crimes, and ensure the safety of the public. In Nigeria, Police officers earn an average of ₦1.8 million per year. To become a police officer in Nigeria, you typically need a high school diploma and to complete police training at a police college.
Business Managers
Business managers plan, organize, direct, and lead operations to maximize efficiency and productivity. The average salary for business managers in Nigeria is ₦4.5 million per year. To become a business manager, you typically need a bachelor’s degree in business administration, management, or a related field.
Chefs
Chefs prepare, season, and cook meals in restaurants or other places where food is served. In Nigeria, Chefs earn an average salary of ₦2.4 million per year. To become a chef in Nigeria, you typically need on-the-job training and experience working in a professional kitchen. Formal culinary degrees or certifications can also be helpful for a career.
Security Guards
Security guards protect property, equipment, and people. They monitor buildings and patrol areas to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. Security guards are needed in both public and private sectors, though little formal education is typically required. According to Glassdoor, the average salary for security personnel in Nigeria is NGN 42,500 per month. Demand for security guards is increasing with concerns over safety and security.
Business consultants
Business consultants provide advice and help to improve the performance, efficiency, or growth of a business. They analyze business problems and offer solutions. Most business consultants in Nigeria have at least a bachelor’s degree in business administration, management, or a related field. According to Glassdoor, the average pay for business consultants in Nigeria is ₦864,000 per month. The job outlook for business consultants in Nigeria is positive due to increasing demand for business efficiency and growth.
Architects
Architects design buildings and structures while considering the aesthetic, functional, and safety aspects of the structure. To become an architect in Nigeria, you need a 5-year bachelor’s degree in architecture. According to Glassdoor, architects in Nigeria earn an average of ₦720,000 per month. The job outlook for architects in Nigeria is average due to increasing demand for new building projects.
Cashiers
Cashiers operate cash registers, scanners, and payment processing equipment in retail stores. They ring up customer purchases, accept payments, and give change and receipts. Most cashiers have a high school education and earn about ₦42,000 per month. While cashier jobs are common, growth is slow due to self-checkout technology.
Sales Representatives
Sales representatives sell products and services on behalf of manufacturers and wholesalers. They contact new and existing customers, explain product features, negotiate contracts, and process orders. Sales rep positions usually require a bachelor’s degree and pay ₦78,000 per month or more, depending on experience and industry. Strong demand exists for sales reps across many fields.
Insurance Sales Agents
Insurance sales agents help individuals and businesses find insurance policies that meet their needs. They explain different insurance options, help clients determine appropriate coverage and premiums, and process applications and renewals. Most insurance agents need a high school diploma and license and earn an average of ₦100,000 per month. The job outlook is positive due to increasing demand for insurance products.
Farmer
Farmers cultivate crops and raise livestock. They work long hours outside in all weather conditions. The average pay for farmers in Nigeria is ₦216,000 per year. The job outlook for farmers is average, as the demand for locally grown food is increasing.
Driver
Drivers transport people and goods. The most common types are taxi, bus, and truck drivers. They spend a lot of time on the road and often work nights, weekends, and holidays. The average pay for drivers in Nigeria is ₦360,000 per year. The job outlook for drivers is average due to increasing road traffic and transportation needs.
Construction Worker
Construction workers build and repair structures such as homes, roads, and bridges. They lift heavy materials, use large tools and machinery, and often work outside in difficult conditions. The average pay for construction workers in Nigeria is ₦432,000 per year. The job outlook for construction workers is good due to ongoing development projects across Nigeria.
Cleaner
Cleaners maintain cleanliness in buildings such as homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Their duties include mopping floors, vacuuming carpets, cleaning bathrooms, taking out trash, and dusting. The average pay for cleaners in Nigeria is ₦192,000 per year. The job outlook for cleaners is average, with steady demand to maintain hygiene and sanitation standards.
Manual Laborer
Manual laborers perform physically demanding, unskilled tasks such as lifting, carrying, loading, and unloading materials. They may work in factories, warehouses, construction sites, or as movers. The average pay for manual laborers in Nigeria is ₦288,000 per year. The job outlook for manual laborers is average, with demand linked to growth in transportation, manufacturing, and construction industries.
Welder
Welders use specialized equipment to join metal pieces together permanently. They must wear protective gear and take safety precautions due to the hazardous nature of welding materials and equipment. The average pay for welders in Nigeria is ₦432,000 per year. The job outlook for welders is good due to increasing demand in construction, manufacturing, and other industries.
Mechanic
Mechanics inspect, repair, and overhaul vehicles and equipment such as cars, trucks, aircraft, and factory equipment. They use both hand and power tools to diagnose and fix problems. The average pay for mechanics in Nigeria is NGN 90,000 per month.
Factors Affecting Occupation
Occupations in Nigeria are influenced by many factors that determine what jobs are available and in demand. Some of the major factors affecting occupations include:
- Economic growth – As the Nigerian economy grows, new businesses emerge, and existing businesses expand, creating more job opportunities across various sectors. When the economy slows down or goes into recession, job growth also declines.
- Technological changes – Advancements in technology have a huge impact on occupations. Some jobs become obsolete while new jobs are created. People in technology-related fields like software engineering, web development, and digital marketing are in high demand.
- Globalization – As Nigeria becomes more connected to the global economy, certain occupations grow in demand to facilitate international trade and commerce. Jobs like import/export specialists, supply chain managers, and customer service representatives are needed to help Nigerian companies work with foreign partners and clients.
- Education and skills – The number of people with certain degrees, certifications, and skills influences the availability of related jobs. High-demand fields requiring specialized knowledge, like healthcare, teaching, and finance, typically have many job openings.
- Demand for products and services – The demand for certain goods and services affects job growth in related industries. For example, increasing demand for healthcare services leads to more jobs for doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals. Growing demand for consumer goods boosts jobs in retail, manufacturing, and transportation.
- Government policies – The policies, laws, and regulations put in place by the Nigerian government have a significant impact on occupations. Tax incentives or funding for certain industries may boost related jobs. New licensing or permit requirements can also create jobs in regulatory compliance and administration.
- Population changes – Nigeria’s large and youthful population contributes to the demand for jobs like teachers, caregivers, and youth counselors. An aging population leads to more healthcare jobs. Changes in population density affect jobs in fields like construction, public transit, and utilities.
- Natural resources – Nigeria’s abundance of natural resources like oil, natural gas, minerals, and agricultural products strongly influences the job market. Fluctuations in commodity prices and resource production levels can create or eliminate many jobs, especially in the energy and mining sectors.
Occupation, Job, And Career: Finding the Difference
An occupation, job, and career are often used interchangeably in everyday conversations, but there are some key differences between these terms.
An occupation refers to the type of work you do to earn a living. It’s a broad category that includes jobs and careers. For example, doctors, teachers, and engineers are all occupations. Within each occupation, there are specific jobs. A job typically refers to a particular role or position at a company. For example, a pediatrician and a cardiologist are two jobs within the medical occupation.
A career is the progression of jobs or positions over the long term in a particular field or occupation. For example, someone may start their career as a software engineer, get promoted to senior software engineer, and then engineering manager over the years. A career allows for growth and advancement over time through gaining experience and new skills. It implies a lifelong progression and development in a professional capacity.
While an occupation may remain steady, jobs and careers are ever-changing. Many people switch between multiple jobs and even careers over their lifetimes as their interests and goals shift. The key is finding the right balance of job satisfaction, work-life balance, and compensation that suits your needs at any given stage of life.
Some questions to determine if you have an occupation, job, or career:
- Do you have opportunities for career growth or advancement? If so, you likely have a career.
- Is your position temporary or short-term? If so, you probably have a job rather than a career.
- Do you feel passionate about and dedicated to your line of work? If so, you may have a career. If not, you probably have an occupation or job.
- Does your work feel like a stepping stone to something bigger? If so, you likely have a job. If it feels like the end goal, you probably have a career.
In summary, while we often use these terms interchangeably, understanding the differences between an occupation, job, and career can help provide clarity and guidance regarding your professional path. You can have a lifelong career, a series of jobs, or simply an occupation that pays the bills. The key is figuring out what combination is right for your priorities and needs.
Conclusion
In this article, you have learned about categories and types of occupations. You’ve also learned about the differences between jobs, occupations, and careers. There are numerous reasons why different types of occupations are transforming the landscape. Because of technological advancement, many workers in some industries have lost their jobs. A degree is not required in every sector, as technology is rapidly advancing and employers require skilled workers. There is a substantial correlation between skill and occupation.