Have you ever wondered just how many different types of sewing machines are out there? From basic mechanical models to computerized wonders, today’s sewing machines come in a variety of styles to suit all kinds of sewing needs.
In this article, we’ll walk through 17 of the most common types of sewing machine, so you can get to know the differences. You’ll learn the unique functions and features of each one, from the trusty mechanical model to the high-tech embroidery machine that can make your projects look like works of art. With photos and descriptions of each machine’s capabilities, you’ll gain an appreciation for just how far sewing technology has advanced over the years. Whether you’re looking to buy your first sewing machine or add to your collection, this overview will help you decide which type is best for your projects and budget.
What is a Sewing Machine and How does it Work?
A sewing machine is a mechanical or electromechanical device used to sew fabric and other materials together with thread. It has a needle that pierces the fabric and pulls thread through, while a shuttle or bobbin catches and interlocks the thread underneath.
An electric motor or treadle powers the machine, moving the fabric under the needle and bobbin at a steady rate. As the needle plunges up and down through the fabric, the thread forms stitches, either in a straight line or following a pattern. Most home sewing machines make a lockstitch, using two threads, one from a spool and the other from a bobbin.
The operator guides the fabric around the machine to stitch pieces together or follow a pattern. Modern machines can handle basic sewing as well as embroidery, quilting and other decorative work with the right presser feet and attachments.
17 Different Types of Sewing Machine
While the mechanics have become more advanced, at their heart, sewing machines still function much like their 19th century ancestors. They continue to be an indispensable tool for mending, crafting and creating in both home and industrial settings.
These are the 17 Different Types of sewing machines you should know about:
Mechanical Sewing Machines
The Mechanical sewing machines are the simplest and most basic type. They operate using a foot pedal to spin a wheel, which moves the needle up and down to stitch fabric. These no-frills machines are perfect for basic sewing and mending.
Their manual functionality gives you full control over stitch length and speed. Mechanical machines typically only perform straight stitching, but some models offer reverse stitching and a few basic stitch patterns. They’re ideal for quilting, clothing construction, and general purpose sewing.
Mechanical sewing machines are very affordable, durable, and low-maintenance. They don’t require electricity or software to operate. Spare parts like bobbins, needles, and presser feet are inexpensive and widely available. For basic sewing needs, a mechanical machine can work wonders without the bells and whistles.
If simplicity, reliability and budget-friendliness matter most, a mechanical sewing machine is the perfect choice. Using one connects you to generations of sewers and the pure joy of craft. Isn’t that what sewing is all about?
Computerized Sewing Machines
The Computerized sewing machines are versatile, electronic machines that offer many built-in stitches and lettering fonts. They provide an array of features to simplify sewing tasks.
These machines have an electronic interface to select stitch options and automatically control settings like stitch length and width. They offer convenience features like an automatic thread cutter, needle threader, and buttonholer. Many provide stitch memory so you can save and instantly retrieve your favorite stitch settings.
Some models provide interactive tutorials and sewing assistance on their display screens. If you want maximum options and ease of use in your sewing machine, a computerized model is an excellent choice. They do cost more, but for many sewers the added capabilities are well worth it.
Zigzag Machine
The zigzag sewing machine is designed with a special zigzag stitching feature. This feature allows the needle to move side to side in a zigzag pattern, instead of just up and down. The zigzag capability provides reinforced stitching and the ability to sew stretchy fabrics. It can also be used decoratively to create a scalloped or appliqué edge.
The zigzag stitch is created by the needle moving from side to side in combination with the thread. As the needle zigs and zags through the fabric, it creates a sturdy, reinforced seam that has some give, so it works well for knits. The width and density of the zigzag stitch can be adjusted by turning a dial to make wider or narrower zigzags. The zigzag stitch is a very useful stitch and a feature found on most standard sewing machines.
Electronic Sewing Machines
The Electronic sewing machines are motorized sewing machines that can perform sewing tasks automatically. They typically have an electric motor, electronic components like integrated circuits, and microprocessors that control the sewing functions.
Electronic sewing machines offer many useful features like automatic thread cutting, automatic stitch selection, stitch length adjustment, and automatic reverse. They can sew faster and more precisely than manual sewing machines. Many also have additional utility stitches for decorative sewing, quilting, and heirloom sewing.
With an electronic sewing machine, you’ll be sewing faster and with more accuracy in no time. Their advanced features make sewing and crafting easier and more enjoyable.
Bartack machine
The bartack machine creates reinforced stitching on areas that get a lot of stress like pockets, belt loops or buttonholes. It is a specific sewing machine used for reinforcing stitching in strategic areas of a garment like pockets or belt loops.
Embroidery Machine
An embroidery machine is a sewing machine used to create patterns on textiles by using strands of thread. These machines can produce free-motion embroidery, where the operator controls the movement of the needle manually, or pre-programmed embroidery where a set of coded instructions is used to control the stitching automatically.
Buttonhole machine
The buttonhole machine, also known as the buttonholer, is a special sewing machine attachment used to sew buttonholes. It allows you to automatically sew sturdy, uniform buttonholes on fabrics.
To use a buttonholer, you first need to select the button you want to use. Then, set the buttonholer to the corresponding button size. Place the fabric under the presser foot, aligning the buttonhole marks on the fabric with the guides on the machine.
Lower the presser foot and stitch around the buttonhole, guiding the fabric gently. The buttonholer will stitch the sides of the buttonhole, then stitch a sturdy bartack at each end to reinforce it. Raise the presser foot, cut the buttonhole open, and you’ll have a finished buttonhole, ready for your button.
Buttonholers can sew different styles of buttonholes, like round, keyhole, or stretch buttonholes. More advanced models offer additional features like an automatic buttonhole length sensor. For most casual sewing, a basic model should suit your needs.
Blind stitch machine
The blind stitch machine is a sewing machine used to create invisible hems and seams. It uses a special needle and stitch type that hides the thread within the fabric. The blind stitch machine allows you to sew two pieces of fabric together while concealing the stitching for a polished, professional finish.
Some key features of a blind stitch machine are:
- A special needle (wing needle) with a notch on one side to embed the thread within the fabric
- A mechanism to feed and position the fabric so the needle can pass through at the precise angle needed to hide the stitching.
- Adjustable stitch length and width controls for different types of fabrics.
- Reverse lever to backstitch and lock the seam.
- Presser foot designed specifically for blind stitching.
The primary uses of a blind stitch machine are:
- Hemming pants, skirts, and sleeves
- Joining linings to outer fabric shells
- Securing trim and appliques
- Quilting (for invisible seams)
For high-quality, professional results, a blind stitch machine is a versatile tool to have in your sewing room. With some practice, you’ll be creating flawless, undetectable seams and hems in no time.
Feed of the arm Machine
The feed-of-the-arm sewing machine is aptly named because the feed dogs that move the fabric are located in the arm of the machine. This allows for smoother fabric feeding since the feed dogs are in direct contact with the fabric.
Feed-of-the-arm machines are ideal for sewing tricky fabrics like knits, as well as for free motion sewing and embroidery where the feed dogs are disengaged. The feed dogs grasp the fabric and pull it through the machine in sync with the movement of the needle. This results in even, consistent stitches and helps prevent puckering on fabrics that stretch.
Some key features of feed-of-the-arm machines include:
- Drop feed for free motion sewing
- Adjustable presser foot pressure
- Needle threader
- Bobbin winder
- Adjustable stitch length
Whether you want to sew knits, quilt, embroider or do free motion sewing, a feed-of-the-arm machine can handle it all. Its innovative design and useful features make it a versatile tool for any sewist.
Button attaching machine
A button attaching machine, also known as a button sewing machine, is a specialized sewing machine used to attach buttons to garments or other fabrics. As the name suggests, its sole purpose is to sew on buttons of various sizes, shapes and materials.
Unlike a standard sewing machine, a button attaching machine has a raised platform or button clamp to hold the button in place as the needle feeds through the holes in the button. The button is positioned and secured, then the needle descends through the fabric and button holes to attach the button with thread. Some button attaching machines allow you to adjust the stitch width and length for different button sizes. More advanced models may have additional features like an automatic thread cutter.
If you frequently sew garments or crafts requiring button closures, a button attaching machine can save you a lot of time and frustration. It provides consistent, professional results and minimizes the risk of a button coming loose or becoming crooked. For small-scale or occasional use, standard sewing machines can also be used to attach buttons, though the process may require more patience and care.
Overlock Machine
The overlock machine, also known as a serger, is a specialized sewing machine used to seam and finish raw edges of fabric. Its main function is to bind fabric together, prevent fraying, and create a professional finish. This versatile machine trims seam allowances and overcasts edges in one step.
The overlock machine uses multiple spools of thread and a cutting blade to seam fabric edges. It creates narrow seams and neat, clean edges, ideal for stretchy or knit fabrics. The overlock stitch sews over the edge of the fabric while cutting off excess seam allowance. This gives stretch fabrics like jersey a professional finish and prevents raveling. Using an overlock machine allows you to achieve quality results faster than a standard sewing machine.
Whether you’re a home sewer or professional tailor, an overlock machine is an essential tool for handling stretch and knit fabrics. It allows you to create narrow seams and a clean finish for t-shirts, leggings, dresses and other garments. An overlock machine will save you time and produce a flawless result every time.
Cover stitch machine
A cover stitch machine is a specialized sewing machine used to create professional-looking hems and seams. It has two or more needles and loopers that interlock threads to form a chain stitch on the underside of the fabric. This provides stretch to seams and prevents fraying.
The cover stitch machine is ideal for hemming knits, stretching and binding edges. It can make strong seams for activewear, shape necklines and armholes. It adds a decorative touch with its visible stitching on the right side of the fabric. Using a cover stitch machine results in a polished, high-quality finish for your sewing projects.
Single Needle Lock Stitch Machine
The single needle lock stitch machine is one of the most common types of sewing machines. It has a single needle that moves up and down, locking each stitch in place to form a secure seam.
The needle on this machine has an eye at the point to carry the thread. As the needle moves up through the fabric, a loop is formed. A bobbin and bobbin case then pass the loop through, interlocking the thread and creating a lock stitch. This stitch is very durable and versatile, ideal for most sewing projects like making clothing, crafts, quilts and more.
Some key features of a single needle lock stitch machine are:
- Adjustable stitch length for different fabrics
- Reverse lever to lock stitches
- Presser foot pressure adjustment
- Multiple presser feet for various seam types
- Free arm for sewing sleeves and pant legs
- Built-in buttonhole attachment
- Horizontal or vertical bobbin
For most casual sewing, the single needle lock stitch machine can handle it all. It’s easy to use but produces professional results, making it a staple in any sewing room.
Quilting machine
A quilting machine is a specialized sewing machine used for quilting. It allows you to quickly and accurately sew together the layers of quilts – the top, batting and backing fabric. Quilting machines typically have a larger sewing area, longer arm and built-in quilting stitches. They provide consistent and uniform stitches at high speeds.
The key features of a quilting machine include:
- A larger sewing area, at least 18 inches, to accommodate large quilts.
- A long arm to support and move the quilt layers.
- An extended table or frame to hold all the quilt layers.
- Built-in quilting stitches like stippling, channel and crosshatching.
- High speed, up to 1,500 stitches per minute, for faster quilting.
- Walking foot to help feed the quilt layers evenly.
- Optional quilting attachments like edge guides, circle templates and quilting rulers.
Quilting machines allow you to finish your quilts efficiently with professional-looking results. They are a worthwhile investment for any avid quilter looking to expand their skills and complete more complex quilting projects.
Flatlock Machine
The flatlock sewing machine, also known as flatlock serging machine or flatlock overlock machine is a special type of sewing machine used to seam and finish raw edges of fabric in one step. It uses loopers and needles to interlock threads, stitching over the edge of two pieces of fabric for a polished look.
Unlike a standard sewing machine that sews in straight lines, the flatlock machine sews in a zigzag pattern. It cuts the edges of the fabric as it sews, encasing them in thread to prevent fraying. The result is a stretchy, durable seam perfect for knits and wovens. The flatlock stitch is ideal for seaming and hemming t-shirts, activewear, lingerie, and stretch fabrics.
With multiple needles and loopers, the flatlock machine creates several rows of stitching at once. It can produce a narrow or wide seam, depending on your needs. The stitch width is adjustable, allowing you to create different seam finishes from narrow to wide. Some models offer a cutting knife that can be disengaged when not needed.
The flatlock machine is a very useful tool to have in any sewing room. Whether you sew as a hobby or professionally, a flatlock machine will allow you to easily construct and finish knit garments with a professional quality result.
Treadle sewing machine
The treadle sewing machine is a manual sewing machine powered by a foot-operated treadle mechanism. To operate the machine, place your feet on the treadle and pump in an alternating motion. This powers the wheel and shaft that run the needle up and down.
Treadle machines were popular from the early 19th century until the early 20th century. They are still valued today by seamstresses and tailors for their durability and ability to sew through heavy fabrics. The treadle mechanism gives the operator more control over the speed and stitch length. Modern treadle machines offer adjustable stitch lengths, reverse levers, and the ability to drop the feed dogs for free motion quilting or embroidery.
For hobbyists and professionals alike, treadle sewing machines offer a sustainable, eco-friendly way to sew garments and crafts. They require no electricity and the only noise is the gentle clicking of the treadle motion. The treadle machine is a simple, elegant tool that allows you to slow down and enjoy the craft of sewing.
Portable Machine
A portable sewing machine is a lightweight, compact machine designed for sewing on the go. These machines are easy to transport from place to place, so you can sew wherever inspiration strikes. Portable machines offer basic utility stitches and functions to handle small sewing projects, repairs and crafts.
The main benefits of a portable sewing machine are:
- Lightweight and compact for easy transport and storage.
- Basic, user-friendly features suitable for beginners and small projects.
- Inexpensive, budget-friendly option for occasional sewing.
- Great for sewing classes, quilting bees and crafting on the go.
While portable machines lack some features of standard sewing machines, they can handle simple tasks like hemming, crafts, quilting, clothing repairs and small projects. For avid or professional sewers, a portable machine makes a great second machine for travel or sewing away from home.
Conclusion
So there you have it, 17 of the most common sewing machine types explained! From basic mechanical models to computerized wonders, you now know the main functions and features of everything from sergers to embroidery machines. With this info, you’ll be ready to choose the right sewing machine for your projects and skill level. Don’t stress about making the perfect pick, start with an affordable, user-friendly model and upgrade later as your abilities grow. The most important thing is that your new sewing machine inspires you to unleash your creativity.